Do You Know How to Provide Basic First Aid In Case of an Accident?

Providing basic first aid in case of an accident is crucial and empowers you to assist an ill or injured person until professional help arrives. CARDIAGTECH.NET understands the importance of being prepared; this comprehensive guide will arm you with the knowledge to provide effective care, potentially saving a life and mitigating further harm while awaiting emergency medical services. By mastering essential first aid, you’re equipped to handle emergencies with competence, promoting safety and well-being through immediate medical assistance and intervention during crucial moments.

1. Assessing the Injured Person

When you encounter someone who is injured or ill, a systematic approach is vital to determine the best course of action. This involves assessing the scene, checking for responsiveness, and identifying any life-threatening conditions.

1. Scene Safety & Initial Assessment: Before approaching the injured person, ensure the scene is safe for both you and the victim. Look for hazards such as traffic, fire, or unstable structures. Form an initial impression of the situation – what happened, how many people are involved, and the severity of the injuries. Always obtain consent from the person before providing assistance. If the person is unresponsive, consent is implied. Protect yourself by using personal protective equipment (PPE) like gloves and eye protection to prevent exposure to bodily fluids.

2. Responsiveness Check: If the person appears unresponsive, check for responsiveness, breathing, life-threatening bleeding, or other life-threatening conditions using shout-tap-shout.

   • Shout: Shout to get the person’s attention.
   • Tap: Gently tap the person on the shoulder.
   • Shout: Shout again, asking if they are okay.

   Note: Limit the check to no more than 10 seconds.

3. Determine the Level of Consciousness: Evaluate the person’s level of consciousness by observing their response to your voice or touch. Are they fully alert, confused, or unresponsive? This information is crucial for communicating with emergency services. If the person does not respond, responds but is not fully awake, is not breathing or is only gasping, or has life-threatening bleeding or another obvious life-threatening condition, CALL 9-1-1 and get equipment, or tell someone to do so.

4. Calling for Help & Providing Care:

   • Immediate Action: If the person is unresponsive, not breathing, or has life-threatening bleeding, immediately call 9-1-1 (or your local emergency number) and get an automated external defibrillator (AED) if available. Provide clear and concise information to the dispatcher, including your location, the nature of the emergency, and the condition of the person.
   • CPR and AED: For a person who is unresponsive and not breathing, start CPR and use an AED immediately. According to the American Heart Association, immediate CPR can double or triple a person’s chance of survival after cardiac arrest.
   • Continued Assessment: Continue your check to determine if additional care is needed.

5. Interview and Focused Check: If the person is responsive or responds to stimulation and is fully awake and does not appear to have a life-threatening condition:

   • Interview the person (or bystanders, if necessary), ask questions about signs and symptoms, allergies, and medications and medical conditions (SAM).
   • Do a focused check based on what the person told you, how the person is acting and what you see.

6. Gathering Information: If the person is conscious, gather information by asking questions about their condition. Use the mnemonic SAM to guide your questioning:

   • Signs and Symptoms: What are they experiencing? (e.g., pain, dizziness, nausea)
   • Allergies: Do they have any allergies?
   • Medications: Are they taking any medications?

7. Conduct a Focused Examination: Based on the person’s responses and your observations, conduct a focused physical examination. Look for any obvious injuries, such as bleeding, fractures, or burns. Check for medical identification tags that may provide valuable information about the person’s medical history. Note: Do not ask the person to move if you suspect a head, neck or spinal injury. Do not ask the person to move any area of the body that causes discomfort or pain. As you check the person, take note of any medical identification tags.

8. Call and Care: After completing the CHECK step, CALL 9-1-1 and get equipment, or tell someone to do so (if needed). Then, give CARE based on the condition found and your level of training.

2. CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) Essentials

CPR is a life-saving technique used when someone’s breathing or heartbeat has stopped. It involves chest compressions and rescue breaths to circulate blood and oxygen to the brain and other vital organs.

1. Recognizing the Need for CPR: CPR is necessary when a person is unresponsive and not breathing or only gasping. Gasping is not considered normal breathing and should be treated as if the person is not breathing at all.

2. CPR Steps:

   • Call for Help: If you are alone, call 9-1-1 (or your local emergency number) before starting CPR. If someone else is present, have them call for help while you begin CPR.

   • Chest Compressions: Place the heel of one hand in the center of the person’s chest, between the nipples. Place your other hand on top of the first hand and interlock your fingers. Position yourself directly over the person’s chest and push straight down, compressing the chest at least 2 inches (5 cm) but no more than 2.4 inches (6 cm). Perform compressions at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute.

   • Rescue Breaths: After 30 chest compressions, give two rescue breaths. Open the person’s airway using the head-tilt-chin-lift maneuver: place one hand on the person’s forehead and gently tilt their head back. Then, place the fingers of your other hand under the person’s chin and lift it upwards. Pinch the person’s nose shut and create a tight seal over their mouth with your mouth. Give two breaths, each lasting about one second. Watch for the chest to rise with each breath.

   • Continue CPR: Continue cycles of 30 chest compressions and two rescue breaths until professional help arrives or the person shows signs of life.

3. Hands-Only CPR: If you are not trained in rescue breaths or are uncomfortable performing them, you can perform hands-only CPR, which involves continuous chest compressions without rescue breaths. This is still an effective way to circulate blood and oxygen to the brain.

4. Importance of Continuous Compressions: According to a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), continuous chest compressions are more effective than interrupted compressions for improving survival rates in cardiac arrest cases.

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3. AED (Automated External Defibrillator) Usage

An AED is a portable electronic device that delivers an electrical shock to the heart to restore a normal heart rhythm in cases of sudden cardiac arrest. Using an AED can significantly increase a person’s chances of survival.

1. Identifying the Need for AED: Use an AED on a person who is unresponsive, not breathing, and has no signs of circulation (e.g., no pulse).

2. AED Steps:

   • Turn on the AED: Open the AED case and turn on the power. The AED will provide voice prompts to guide you through the process.

   • Attach the Pads: Expose the person’s chest and attach the AED pads as shown in the diagrams on the pads. Typically, one pad is placed on the upper right chest, and the other pad is placed on the lower left side of the chest.

   • Analyze the Heart Rhythm: Once the pads are attached, the AED will analyze the person’s heart rhythm. Make sure no one is touching the person during the analysis.

   • Deliver a Shock (if advised): If the AED advises a shock, it will tell you to press the shock button. Before pressing the button, make sure that no one is touching the person.

   • Continue CPR: After delivering a shock, continue CPR for two minutes, or until the AED prompts you to analyze the heart rhythm again.

3. AED Availability: AEDs are becoming increasingly common in public places, such as schools, airports, and shopping malls. Familiarize yourself with the location of AEDs in your community.

4. CPR and AED Together: According to the American Heart Association, CPR and AED used together within the first few minutes of cardiac arrest can significantly increase a person’s chances of survival.

4. Managing Bleeding and Wound Care

Controlling bleeding is a critical first aid skill. Severe bleeding can lead to shock and death if not addressed promptly.

1. Controlling Bleeding:

   • Direct Pressure: Apply direct pressure to the wound using a clean cloth or bandage. Press firmly and continuously until the bleeding stops.

   • Elevation: If possible, elevate the injured limb above the person’s heart. This helps to reduce blood flow to the area.

   • Pressure Points: If direct pressure and elevation are not effective, apply pressure to the nearest pressure point. For an arm injury, the pressure point is on the inside of the upper arm. For a leg injury, the pressure point is in the groin area.

   • Tourniquet: In cases of severe, life-threatening bleeding, a tourniquet may be necessary. Apply the tourniquet tightly above the wound and tighten it until the bleeding stops. Note the time the tourniquet was applied and inform emergency medical personnel.

2. Wound Care:

   • Clean the Wound: Once the bleeding is controlled, clean the wound with mild soap and water. Remove any dirt or debris from the wound.
   • Apply Antibiotic Ointment: Apply a thin layer of antibiotic ointment to help prevent infection.
   • Cover the Wound: Cover the wound with a clean bandage to protect it from further contamination.

3. When to Seek Medical Attention: Seek medical attention for any wound that is deep, bleeding heavily, shows signs of infection (e.g., redness, swelling, pus), or involves a joint or tendon.

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5. Addressing Burns

Burns can range from minor to life-threatening, depending on the severity and extent of the burn.

1. Types of Burns:

   • First-Degree Burns: Affect only the outer layer of skin (epidermis). They are characterized by redness, pain, and mild swelling.
   • Second-Degree Burns: Affect the epidermis and the underlying layer of skin (dermis). They are characterized by blisters, intense pain, and swelling.
   • Third-Degree Burns: Destroy the epidermis and dermis and may also damage underlying tissues. They are characterized by white or charred skin, loss of sensation, and severe scarring.

2. First Aid for Burns:

   • Cool the Burn: Immediately cool the burn with cool (not cold) running water for at least 10-20 minutes. This helps to reduce pain and prevent further damage.

   • Cover the Burn: Cover the burn with a sterile, non-adhesive bandage or clean cloth.

   • Pain Relief: Administer over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, to help relieve pain.

3. Do NOT:

   • Apply ice to the burn, as it can cause further damage.
   • Break blisters, as they help to protect the underlying skin.
   • Apply ointments, creams, or butter to the burn, as they can trap heat and increase the risk of infection.

4. When to Seek Medical Attention: Seek medical attention for any burn that is larger than the size of your palm, involves the face, hands, feet, or genitals, or is a third-degree burn.

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6. Handling Fractures and Sprains

Fractures and sprains are common injuries that can occur in accidents. It’s important to provide proper first aid to minimize pain and prevent further damage.

1. Fractures: A fracture is a break in a bone. Signs and symptoms of a fracture include pain, swelling, deformity, and inability to move the injured limb.

2. Sprains: A sprain is an injury to a ligament, which is a band of tissue that connects two bones together. Signs and symptoms of a sprain include pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty moving the injured joint.

3. First Aid for Fractures and Sprains:

   • Immobilize the Injury: Immobilize the injured limb using a splint or sling. A splint can be made from materials such as cardboard, rolled-up magazines, or a pillow.

   • Apply Ice: Apply ice to the injured area for 20 minutes at a time, several times a day. This helps to reduce pain and swelling.

   • Elevate the Injury: Elevate the injured limb above the person’s heart. This helps to reduce swelling.

   • Pain Relief: Administer over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, to help relieve pain.

4. When to Seek Medical Attention: Seek medical attention for any suspected fracture or sprain, especially if there is significant pain, swelling, deformity, or inability to move the injured limb.

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7. Recognizing and Responding to Shock

Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body is not getting enough blood flow. It can be caused by severe bleeding, burns, trauma, or allergic reactions.

1. Signs and Symptoms of Shock:

   • Pale, clammy skin
   • Rapid, weak pulse
   • Rapid breathing
   • Nausea or vomiting
   • Dizziness or lightheadedness
   • Confusion or anxiety
   • Loss of consciousness

2. First Aid for Shock:

   • Call for Help: Call 9-1-1 (or your local emergency number) immediately.
   • Position the Person: Lay the person on their back and elevate their legs about 12 inches (30 cm), unless they have a head, neck, or spinal injury.
   • Keep the Person Warm: Cover the person with a blanket to keep them warm.
   • Monitor Breathing: Monitor the person’s breathing and be prepared to provide CPR if necessary.

3. Do NOT:

   • Give the person anything to eat or drink.
   • Move the person unnecessarily.

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8. Addressing Head, Neck, and Spinal Injuries

Head, neck, and spinal injuries can be serious and require careful handling.

1. Signs and Symptoms of Head, Neck, and Spinal Injuries:

   • Loss of consciousness
   • Headache
   • Neck pain or stiffness
   • Weakness or numbness in the arms or legs
   • Loss of bowel or bladder control
   • Seizures

2. First Aid for Head, Neck, and Spinal Injuries:

   • Call for Help: Call 9-1-1 (or your local emergency number) immediately.
   • Stabilize the Head and Neck: Manually stabilize the person’s head and neck to prevent further movement. Place your hands on either side of the person’s head and hold it still.
   • Do NOT Move the Person: Unless there is an immediate danger, do not move the person.
   • Monitor Breathing: Monitor the person’s breathing and be prepared to provide CPR if necessary.

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9. Responding to Seizures

A seizure is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain. Seizures can be caused by a variety of factors, including epilepsy, head injuries, and drug withdrawal.

1. Signs and Symptoms of Seizures:

   • Loss of consciousness
   • Convulsions (uncontrolled shaking)
   • Muscle stiffness
   • Loss of bowel or bladder control
   • Drooling or foaming at the mouth

2. First Aid for Seizures:

   • Protect the Person: Clear the area around the person to prevent injury.
   • Do NOT Restrain the Person: Do not try to restrain the person or stop the seizure.
   • Protect the Head: Place a soft object, such as a pillow or blanket, under the person’s head.
   • Monitor Breathing: Monitor the person’s breathing and be prepared to provide CPR if necessary.
   • Turn the Person on Their Side: After the seizure has ended, turn the person on their side to prevent choking on saliva or vomit.

3. When to Call for Help: Call 9-1-1 (or your local emergency number) if the seizure lasts longer than five minutes, the person has repeated seizures, or the person is injured.

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10. Anaphylaxis and Allergic Reactions

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur within minutes of exposure to an allergen, such as insect stings, food, or medications.

1. Signs and Symptoms of Anaphylaxis:

   • Hives or itching
   • Swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
   • Difficulty breathing or wheezing
   • Throat tightness
   • Dizziness or lightheadedness
   • Loss of consciousness

2. First Aid for Anaphylaxis:

   • Call for Help: Call 9-1-1 (or your local emergency number) immediately.
   • Administer Epinephrine: If the person has an epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen), help them administer it. Inject the epinephrine into the outer thigh and hold it in place for several seconds.
   • Position the Person: Lay the person on their back and elevate their legs about 12 inches (30 cm), unless they have difficulty breathing.
   • Monitor Breathing: Monitor the person’s breathing and be prepared to provide CPR if necessary.

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11. Provide Psychological Support

Offering psychological support during and after an accident is an important aspect of first aid. Accidents can be traumatic, and those involved may experience emotional distress.

1. Remain Calm: Stay calm and composed, as this can help reassure the injured person and others at the scene.
2. Offer Reassurance: Speak to the injured person in a calm and reassuring tone. Let them know that help is on the way and that you are there to assist them.
3. Listen Actively: Listen attentively to the injured person and allow them to express their feelings. Avoid interrupting or judging their emotions.
4. Provide Comfort: Offer physical comfort, such as holding their hand or covering them with a blanket.
5. Protect Privacy: Shield the injured person from onlookers and maintain their privacy.
6. Avoid Speculation: Refrain from speculating about the extent of their injuries or the cause of the accident.
7. Follow Up: After the immediate crisis has passed, check in with the injured person to see how they are doing. Offer ongoing support and encourage them to seek professional help if needed.

12. Creating an Emergency Action Plan

Developing an emergency action plan is crucial for ensuring a coordinated and effective response in the event of an accident.

1. Assess Risks: Identify potential hazards in your workplace or community.
2. Establish Procedures: Develop clear procedures for responding to different types of emergencies, including medical emergencies, fires, and natural disasters.
3. Assign Responsibilities: Designate individuals to be responsible for specific tasks, such as calling for help, administering first aid, and evacuating the premises.
4. Provide Training: Ensure that all employees or community members receive training in first aid, CPR, and emergency response procedures.
5. Conduct Drills: Regularly conduct drills to practice emergency response procedures and identify areas for improvement.
6. Maintain Supplies: Keep a well-stocked first aid kit and other emergency supplies on hand.
7. Communicate Effectively: Establish clear communication channels for alerting people to emergencies and providing updates.
8. Review and Update: Regularly review and update your emergency action plan to ensure that it remains relevant and effective.

13. Key Elements of a Well-Stocked First Aid Kit

Having a well-stocked first aid kit is essential for providing effective first aid in case of an accident. The contents of the kit should be tailored to the specific needs and risks of your workplace or community.

1. Basic Supplies:

   • Adhesive bandages in various sizes
   • Sterile gauze pads
   • Adhesive tape
   • Antiseptic wipes or solution
   • Antibiotic ointment
   • Pain relievers (e.g., ibuprofen, acetaminophen)
   • Antihistamine
   • Burn cream
   • Scissors
   • Tweezers
   • Safety pins
   • Instant cold packs
   • Gloves
   • CPR mask

2. Additional Items:

   • Emergency blanket
   • First aid manual
   • List of emergency phone numbers
   • Epinephrine auto-injector (if needed)
   • Tourniquet (for severe bleeding)

3. Regular Maintenance: Check the contents of your first aid kit regularly and replace any expired or used items.

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14. Staying Current with First Aid Training

First aid techniques and guidelines are constantly evolving, so it’s important to stay current with the latest information.

1. Take a First Aid Course: Enroll in a first aid course offered by a reputable organization, such as the American Red Cross or the American Heart Association.
2. Renew Certifications: Regularly renew your first aid and CPR certifications to ensure that you are up-to-date on the latest techniques.
3. Attend Workshops and Seminars: Attend workshops and seminars on first aid and emergency response to learn new skills and best practices.
4. Review Online Resources: Utilize online resources, such as websites and videos, to refresh your knowledge and learn about new developments in first aid.
5. Practice Regularly: Practice your first aid skills regularly to maintain proficiency and build confidence.

15. Legal Considerations for Providing First Aid

Understanding the legal aspects of providing first aid is important for protecting yourself from liability.

1. Good Samaritan Laws: Good Samaritan laws provide legal protection for individuals who voluntarily provide assistance to someone in need. These laws typically protect rescuers from liability for unintentional harm they may cause while providing first aid.
2. Consent: Always obtain consent from the injured person before providing first aid, if possible. If the person is unconscious or unable to give consent, it is implied that they would want assistance.
3. Standard of Care: Provide first aid to the best of your ability and according to accepted standards of care. Do not attempt to provide care that is beyond your level of training or expertise.
4. Confidentiality: Respect the injured person’s privacy and maintain confidentiality about their medical condition.
5. Documentation: Document the care you provided, including the person’s condition, the treatment you administered, and the time of the incident.

16. Addressing Specific Injuries Common in Auto Repair Shops

Auto repair shops pose unique injury risks that require specific first aid knowledge.

1. Chemical Burns: Rinse the affected area with copious amounts of water for at least 20 minutes. Seek medical attention immediately.
2. Eye Injuries: Flush the eye with clean water for 15-20 minutes. Do not rub the eye. Seek medical attention.
3. Cuts and Lacerations: Control bleeding with direct pressure and elevate the injured limb. Clean the wound thoroughly and apply a sterile bandage.
4. Crush Injuries: Monitor for signs of shock and seek immediate medical attention.
5. Respiratory Issues: Move the person to fresh air and monitor their breathing. Administer oxygen if available.
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17. The Role of Technology in Modern First Aid

Technology has revolutionized modern first aid, offering new tools and resources for providing effective care.

1. Telemedicine: Telemedicine allows healthcare professionals to provide remote consultations and guidance to first responders at the scene of an accident.
2. Mobile Apps: Mobile apps provide access to first aid information, step-by-step instructions, and emergency contact numbers.
3. Wearable Devices: Wearable devices can monitor vital signs and alert emergency services in the event of a medical emergency.
4. Virtual Reality: Virtual reality simulations can provide realistic training scenarios for first responders.
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18. The Importance of Pediatric First Aid

Providing first aid to children requires a different approach than providing first aid to adults.

1. Anatomical Differences: Children have smaller airways and different anatomical proportions than adults, which can affect how they respond to injuries and illnesses.
2. Dosage Considerations: Medication dosages for children are typically lower than those for adults and must be carefully calculated based on the child’s weight and age.
3. Communication: Communicating with children can be challenging, especially if they are scared or in pain. Use simple language and provide reassurance.
4. Common Childhood Injuries: Be aware of common childhood injuries, such as falls, burns, and choking, and how to respond to them.
5. CARDIAGTECH.NET Encouragement: CARDIAGTECH.NET promotes family safety by offering resources on pediatric first aid. Ensure you are prepared to handle emergencies involving children with specialized knowledge and skills.

19. First Aid for Elderly Individuals

Elderly individuals may have unique medical conditions and considerations that require special attention during first aid.

1. Underlying Health Conditions: Elderly individuals are more likely to have underlying health conditions, such as heart disease, diabetes, and arthritis, which can complicate their response to injuries and illnesses.
2. Medications: Elderly individuals may be taking multiple medications, which can interact with each other and affect their response to treatment.
3. Frailty: Elderly individuals may be more frail and susceptible to injuries, such as fractures and skin tears.
4. Cognitive Impairment: Elderly individuals may have cognitive impairment, which can make it difficult to communicate with them and assess their condition.
5. CARDIAGTECH.NET Support: CARDIAGTECH.NET emphasizes the importance of understanding geriatric first aid. Equip yourself with the knowledge to provide appropriate care for elderly individuals, considering their unique health needs and challenges.

20. Integrating First Aid Training into the Workplace Culture

Making first aid training a regular part of the workplace culture can improve safety and preparedness.

1. Offer Regular Training: Provide regular first aid and CPR training for all employees.
2. Promote Participation: Encourage employees to participate in training by offering incentives and recognizing their efforts.
3. Create a Supportive Environment: Create a supportive environment where employees feel comfortable using their first aid skills in an emergency.
4. Incorporate Training into Onboarding: Incorporate first aid training into the onboarding process for new employees.
5. Lead by Example: Encourage management to lead by example by participating in training and demonstrating their commitment to safety.
6. CARDIAGTECH.NET Initiative: Foster a culture of safety in your workplace with CARDIAGTECH.NET’s support. Promote regular first aid training and emergency preparedness drills to ensure your team is ready to respond effectively to any situation.

By following these comprehensive guidelines, you can be well-prepared to provide basic first aid in case of an accident. Remember, your quick and effective response can make a life-saving difference. For all your automotive diagnostic and safety equipment needs, visit CARDIAGTECH.NET or contact us at 276 Reock St, City of Orange, NJ 07050, United States, or Whatsapp: +1 (641) 206-8880.

FAQ: Basic First Aid in Case of an Accident

1. What is the first thing I should do at an accident scene?

Ensure your safety and the safety of others by assessing the scene for hazards before approaching.

2. How do I check if someone is responsive?

Use the shout-tap-shout method: shout to get their attention, tap them on the shoulder, and shout again asking if they are okay.

3. When should I call 9-1-1?

Call immediately if the person is unresponsive, not breathing, or has life-threatening bleeding.

4. What are the steps for performing CPR?

Perform 30 chest compressions followed by two rescue breaths, continuing until help arrives.

5. How do I use an AED?

Turn on the AED, attach the pads as directed, let it analyze the heart rhythm, and deliver a shock if advised.

6. How do I control bleeding?

Apply direct pressure to the wound with a clean cloth, elevate the injured limb, and use pressure points if needed.

7. What should I do for a burn?

Cool the burn with cool running water for 10-20 minutes and cover it with a sterile bandage.

8. How do I handle a fracture or sprain?

Immobilize the injury with a splint or sling, apply ice, and elevate the injured limb.

9. What are the signs of shock and how do I treat it?

Signs include pale skin, rapid pulse, and dizziness. Lay the person on their back, elevate their legs, and keep them warm.

10. How can CARDIAGTECH.NET help me prepare for emergencies?

CARDIAGTECH.NET offers first aid kits, diagnostic tools, and safety training resources to ensure you’re ready to respond effectively to any situation. Don’t hesitate to contact us for consultation regarding your needs! Address: 276 Reock St, City of Orange, NJ 07050, United States. Whatsapp: +1 (641) 206-8880.