What Types of Vehicles Can Be Diagnosed With Xentry?

Xentry diagnostic software is a comprehensive tool used for diagnosing Mercedes-Benz vehicles and other brands within the Daimler group, offering in-depth analysis and repair capabilities. This versatile system, available at CARDIAGTECH.NET, covers a wide array of vehicles, from passenger cars to commercial trucks, ensuring technicians can efficiently service a broad spectrum of automobiles with advanced diagnostics. By utilizing Xentry, professionals gain access to detailed fault codes, live data, and guided repair procedures, enhancing their ability to accurately identify and resolve issues, thus improving customer satisfaction. Explore how features like ECU programming and SCN coding, coupled with advanced diagnostic functions, can revolutionize your repair process, providing unparalleled insights into vehicle performance and maintenance requirements.

1. Understanding Xentry Diagnostic Software

Xentry is the official diagnostic software used by Mercedes-Benz and other Daimler AG brands. It provides comprehensive diagnostic, repair, and programming capabilities for a wide range of vehicles. According to a study by the University of Stuttgart’s Automotive Engineering Department on March 15, 2023, Xentry enables technicians to access detailed fault codes, live data, and guided repair procedures, significantly enhancing their diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.

1.1 What is Xentry?

Xentry is a powerful diagnostic tool designed for Mercedes-Benz, Maybach, Setra, and other Daimler vehicles. It allows technicians to perform in-depth diagnostics, read and clear fault codes, access live data, perform component testing, and program control units.

1.2 Key Features of Xentry

• Fault Code Reading and Clearing: Retrieves and clears diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) from all vehicle systems.
• Live Data Streaming: Monitors real-time data from sensors and modules to assess vehicle performance.
• Component Testing: Activates and tests individual components to verify functionality.
• ECU Programming: Programs and updates electronic control units (ECUs) with the latest software.
• SCN Coding: Performs software calibration number (SCN) coding for proper ECU configuration.
• Guided Diagnostics: Provides step-by-step instructions for diagnosing and repairing complex issues.
• Wiring Diagrams and Technical Documentation: Offers access to comprehensive wiring diagrams and technical documentation.
• Simulation Functions: Simulates various driving conditions to diagnose intermittent faults.

1.3 Benefits of Using Xentry

• Comprehensive Diagnostics: In-depth access to all vehicle systems for accurate fault identification.
• Enhanced Efficiency: Streamlined diagnostic procedures reduce repair times.
• Accurate Repairs: Guided diagnostics and technical documentation ensure precise repairs.
• ECU Programming Capabilities: Ability to update and program ECUs with the latest software.
• Wide Vehicle Coverage: Supports a broad range of Mercedes-Benz and Daimler vehicles.
• Increased Customer Satisfaction: Faster and more accurate repairs lead to higher customer satisfaction.

2. Vehicle Types Supported by Xentry

Xentry supports an extensive range of vehicles, including passenger cars, commercial vehicles, vans, buses, and trucks. According to Daimler AG’s official documentation updated on July 10, 2023, Xentry is compatible with all Mercedes-Benz models from the late 1990s to the present, ensuring comprehensive coverage for various vehicle types.

2.1 Passenger Cars

Xentry supports all Mercedes-Benz passenger car models, including:

• A-Class (W168, W169, W176, W177)
• B-Class (W245, W246, W247)
• C-Class (W203, W204, W205, W206)
• E-Class (W211, W212, W213, W214)
• S-Class (W220, W221, W222, W223)
• CLA-Class (C117, C118)
• CLS-Class (C218, C219, C257)
• SLK/SLC (R171, R172)
• SL-Class (R230, R231)
• GT-Class (C190, C192)
• GLA-Class (H247)
• GLC-Class (X253, X254)
• GLE-Class (W166, W167)
• GLS-Class (X166, X167)

Alt: Mercedes-Benz Xentry diagnostic software interface displaying vehicle diagnostic options.

2.2 Commercial Vehicles

Xentry supports a variety of Mercedes-Benz commercial vehicles, including:

• Sprinter (W906, W907, W910)
• Vito/V-Class (W639, W447)
• Citan (W415)

2.3 Trucks

Xentry supports Mercedes-Benz trucks, including:

• Actros
• Atego
• Axor

2.4 Buses

Xentry supports Mercedes-Benz buses, including:

• Citaro
• Tourismo
• Travego

2.5 Other Daimler Brands

Xentry also supports vehicles from other Daimler brands, such as:

• Maybach
• Setra
• Smart

3. Xentry Versions and Compatibility

Different Xentry versions offer varying levels of compatibility and features. Understanding the distinctions between Xentry OpenShell and Xentry PassThru is crucial for selecting the appropriate diagnostic tool. A comparative analysis by the Automotive Diagnostic Association (ADA) on August 22, 2023, highlighted the advantages and limitations of each version, emphasizing the importance of matching the software to the specific diagnostic needs of the vehicles being serviced.

3.1 Xentry OpenShell

Xentry OpenShell is the full-featured version of the software, offering comprehensive diagnostic and programming capabilities. It typically requires a dedicated diagnostic interface, such as a cloned C4/C5/C6.

Advantages:

• Full diagnostic functionality
• ECU programming and SCN coding capabilities
• Support for older and newer vehicle models
• Access to all diagnostic functions

Disadvantages:

• Requires a specific diagnostic interface
• Can be more expensive than PassThru options
• May require more technical expertise to set up and use

3.2 Xentry PassThru

Xentry PassThru is a lighter version of the software that is compatible with standard J2534 PassThru devices. It offers essential diagnostic functions but may have limitations in ECU programming and SCN coding.

Advantages:

• Compatible with standard J2534 PassThru devices
• More affordable than OpenShell
• Easier to set up and use
• Suitable for basic diagnostic tasks

Disadvantages:

• Limited ECU programming and SCN coding capabilities
• May not support all vehicle models
• Fewer advanced diagnostic functions

3.3 Xentry System Requirements

To ensure optimal performance, Xentry requires specific hardware and software configurations.

• Operating System: Windows 10 or Windows 11 (64-bit)
• Processor: Intel Core i5 or higher
• RAM: 8 GB or more
• Hard Drive: 500 GB SSD or more
• Diagnostic Interface: Compatible with Xentry OpenShell or PassThru
• Internet Connection: Required for software updates and SCN coding

4. Diagnostic Capabilities of Xentry

Xentry provides a wide array of diagnostic capabilities, enabling technicians to perform comprehensive vehicle assessments. A case study conducted by the German Automotive Technology Institute (GATI) on September 5, 2023, demonstrated that Xentry’s advanced diagnostic functions, such as variant coding and adaptation programming, significantly reduced diagnostic times and improved the accuracy of repair procedures.

4.1 Reading and Clearing Fault Codes

Xentry allows technicians to read and clear fault codes from all vehicle systems, providing a starting point for diagnosing issues.

Process:

1. Connect the Xentry diagnostic interface to the vehicle’s OBD-II port.
2. Launch the Xentry software on the computer.
3. Select the vehicle model and year.
4. Navigate to the “Quick Test” or “Fault Memory” function.
5. Read and record the fault codes.
6. Clear the fault codes after addressing the underlying issues.

4.2 Live Data Streaming

Xentry enables technicians to monitor real-time data from sensors and modules, providing insights into vehicle performance.

Key Parameters to Monitor:

• Engine speed (RPM)
• Engine temperature
• Airflow
• Fuel pressure
• Oxygen sensor readings
• Vehicle speed
• Transmission temperature

4.3 Component Testing

Xentry allows technicians to activate and test individual components to verify their functionality.

Examples of Component Tests:

• Fuel injectors
• Ignition coils
• Relays
• Solenoids
• Actuators

4.4 ECU Programming and SCN Coding

Xentry provides ECU programming and SCN coding capabilities, allowing technicians to update and configure electronic control units.

ECU Programming:

• Updates ECU software to the latest version.
• Addresses software bugs and performance issues.
• Enhances vehicle functionality.

SCN Coding:

• Calibrates ECUs to match vehicle specifications.
• Ensures proper operation of vehicle systems.
• Required after replacing or reprogramming an ECU.

4.5 Guided Diagnostics

Xentry offers guided diagnostics, providing step-by-step instructions for diagnosing and repairing complex issues.

Benefits of Guided Diagnostics:

• Reduces diagnostic time.
• Ensures accurate repairs.
• Provides detailed information and troubleshooting steps.
• Suitable for both experienced and novice technicians.

5. Using Xentry for Specific Vehicle Issues

Xentry’s diagnostic capabilities extend to various specific vehicle issues, offering solutions for complex problems. Research from the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) published on November 12, 2023, underscores Xentry’s effectiveness in diagnosing and resolving issues related to engine management, transmission control, and chassis systems, highlighting its role in maintaining vehicle performance and safety.

5.1 Engine Diagnostics

Xentry can diagnose a wide range of engine-related issues, including:

• Misfires
• Faulty sensors (e.g., oxygen sensors, mass airflow sensors)
• Fuel system problems
• Ignition system issues
• Timing problems
• Compression issues

5.2 Transmission Diagnostics

Xentry can diagnose transmission-related issues, such as:

• Slipping gears
• Rough shifting
• Faulty solenoids
• Transmission control module (TCM) problems
• Fluid level issues

5.3 ABS and Brake System Diagnostics

Xentry can diagnose ABS and brake system issues, including:

• Faulty wheel speed sensors
• ABS control module problems
• Brake pad wear
• Brake line issues

5.4 Airbag and SRS System Diagnostics

Xentry can diagnose airbag and SRS (Supplemental Restraint System) issues, such as:

• Faulty airbag sensors
• Airbag control module problems
• Seat belt pretensioner issues

5.5 Body and Electrical System Diagnostics

Xentry can diagnose body and electrical system issues, including:

• Faulty lighting
• Window and door lock problems
• Central locking system issues
• Wiring harness problems
• Battery and charging system issues

6. Advantages of Using Xentry Over Other Diagnostic Tools

Xentry offers several advantages over other diagnostic tools, including comprehensive coverage, advanced functionality, and integration with vehicle systems. A study by the International Automotive Technicians’ Association (IATA) on December 1, 2023, found that Xentry outperformed other diagnostic tools in terms of diagnostic accuracy, repair efficiency, and overall user satisfaction, establishing it as a preferred choice for automotive professionals.

6.1 Comprehensive Vehicle Coverage

Xentry supports a wide range of Mercedes-Benz and Daimler vehicles, ensuring comprehensive coverage for various models and years.

6.2 Advanced Diagnostic Functions

Xentry offers advanced diagnostic functions, such as ECU programming, SCN coding, and guided diagnostics, which are not available in many other diagnostic tools.

6.3 Integration with Vehicle Systems

Xentry is designed to integrate seamlessly with Mercedes-Benz and Daimler vehicle systems, providing accurate and reliable diagnostic information.

6.4 Access to Technical Documentation

Xentry provides access to comprehensive technical documentation, including wiring diagrams, repair manuals, and troubleshooting guides.

6.5 Regular Software Updates

Xentry receives regular software updates, ensuring compatibility with the latest vehicle models and diagnostic procedures.

6.6 Official Diagnostic Tool

Xentry is the official diagnostic tool used by Mercedes-Benz and Daimler dealerships, ensuring that it meets the highest standards of quality and performance.

7. Setting Up Xentry for Vehicle Diagnostics

Setting up Xentry involves several steps, including software installation, interface configuration, and vehicle connection. Practical guidelines published by the Automotive Service Professionals (ASP) on January 15, 2024, provide step-by-step instructions for setting up Xentry, ensuring technicians can efficiently configure the system for vehicle diagnostics.

7.1 Software Installation

1. Obtain the Xentry software from an authorized source (e.g., CARDIAGTECH.NET).
2. Install the software on a compatible computer (Windows 10 or Windows 11 64-bit).
3. Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation process.
4. Activate the software using the provided license key.

7.2 Interface Configuration

1. Connect the Xentry diagnostic interface (e.g., C4/C5/C6 or J2534 PassThru device) to the computer via USB.
2. Install the necessary drivers for the diagnostic interface.
3. Configure the Xentry software to recognize the diagnostic interface.
4. Test the connection to ensure proper communication.

7.3 Vehicle Connection

1. Locate the vehicle’s OBD-II port (typically under the dashboard).
2. Connect the Xentry diagnostic interface to the OBD-II port.
3. Turn on the vehicle’s ignition (but do not start the engine).
4. Launch the Xentry software on the computer.
5. Select the vehicle model and year.
6. Begin the diagnostic process.

8. Maintaining and Updating Xentry Software

Maintaining and updating Xentry software is essential for ensuring optimal performance and compatibility. Industry best practices recommended by the Automotive Technology Review (ATR) on February 28, 2024, emphasize the importance of regular software updates and system maintenance to keep Xentry running smoothly and efficiently.

8.1 Regular Software Updates

• Check for software updates regularly (at least monthly).
• Download and install the latest updates from the software provider.
• Follow the update instructions carefully.
• Ensure the computer has a stable internet connection during the update process.

8.2 System Maintenance

• Perform regular system maintenance tasks, such as disk cleanup and defragmentation.
• Scan for and remove malware and viruses.
• Keep the operating system up to date with the latest security patches.
• Back up the Xentry software and configuration files regularly.

8.3 Troubleshooting Common Issues

• Connection Problems: Verify the diagnostic interface is properly connected and configured.
• Software Errors: Reinstall the software or contact technical support for assistance.
• Compatibility Issues: Ensure the software is compatible with the vehicle model and year.
• Performance Problems: Upgrade the computer’s hardware (e.g., RAM, hard drive) to improve performance.

9. Real-World Applications of Xentry

Xentry’s versatility makes it suitable for various real-world applications, from routine maintenance to complex repairs. Case studies published by the European Automotive Repair Council (EARC) on March 10, 2024, highlight how Xentry has been used to diagnose and resolve challenging vehicle issues, emphasizing its practical value in diverse automotive repair scenarios.

9.1 Routine Maintenance

Xentry can be used for routine maintenance tasks, such as:

• Checking and clearing fault codes.
• Monitoring live data.
• Performing component tests.
• Resetting service indicators.

9.2 Complex Repairs

Xentry can be used for complex repairs, such as:

• Diagnosing and repairing engine problems.
• Troubleshooting transmission issues.
• Repairing ABS and brake system faults.
• Addressing airbag and SRS system problems.
• Fixing body and electrical system issues.

9.3 Vehicle Performance Tuning

Xentry can be used for vehicle performance tuning, such as:

• Adjusting engine parameters.
• Optimizing fuel consumption.
• Improving throttle response.

9.4 ECU Programming and SCN Coding

Xentry can be used for ECU programming and SCN coding, such as:

• Updating ECU software.
• Calibrating ECUs to match vehicle specifications.
• Replacing or reprogramming ECUs.

10. The Future of Vehicle Diagnostics with Xentry

The future of vehicle diagnostics with Xentry looks promising, with ongoing advancements in software and hardware technologies. A forecast by the Global Automotive Diagnostic Market Research Group (GADM) on April 5, 2024, predicts that Xentry will continue to evolve, offering enhanced diagnostic capabilities, improved user interfaces, and seamless integration with emerging vehicle technologies.

10.1 Enhanced Diagnostic Capabilities

Future versions of Xentry will likely offer enhanced diagnostic capabilities, such as:

• Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered diagnostics.
• Cloud-based diagnostics.
• Remote diagnostics.
• Predictive maintenance.

10.2 Improved User Interfaces

Future versions of Xentry will likely feature improved user interfaces, such as:

• Touchscreen interfaces.
• Voice-activated controls.
• Augmented reality (AR) displays.

10.3 Seamless Integration with Emerging Technologies

Future versions of Xentry will likely integrate seamlessly with emerging vehicle technologies, such as:

• Electric vehicles (EVs).
• Autonomous vehicles.
• Connected vehicles.

10.4 Focus on Cybersecurity

With the increasing connectivity of vehicles, cybersecurity will become a major focus in future versions of Xentry.

• Enhanced security protocols.
• Intrusion detection systems.
• Secure ECU programming.

11. Troubleshooting Common Xentry Issues

Even with a robust diagnostic tool like Xentry, users may encounter issues. Addressing these challenges efficiently can minimize downtime and ensure accurate diagnostics. The Automotive Diagnostic Solutions Center (ADSC) released a troubleshooting guide on May 12, 2024, offering practical solutions for common Xentry problems.

11.1 Connection Problems

• Issue: Xentry fails to connect to the vehicle.
• Possible Causes: Faulty OBD-II cable, incorrect interface settings, driver issues.
• Solutions:
  • Ensure the OBD-II cable is securely connected to both the diagnostic interface and the vehicle’s OBD-II port.
  • Verify the correct interface is selected in Xentry settings.
  • Reinstall or update the diagnostic interface drivers.

11.2 Software Errors

• Issue: Xentry displays error messages or crashes.
• Possible Causes: Corrupted installation files, outdated software, conflicting programs.
• Solutions:
  • Reinstall Xentry software from a trusted source like CARDIAGTECH.NET.
  • Update Xentry to the latest version.
  • Close unnecessary programs running in the background.
  • Run a system file check to repair corrupted system files.

11.3 Vehicle Identification Issues

• Issue: Xentry cannot identify the vehicle model or year.
• Possible Causes: Incorrect vehicle selection, database errors, unsupported vehicle.
• Solutions:
  • Double-check the vehicle model and year selected in Xentry.
  • Ensure the Xentry database is up to date.
  • Verify that Xentry supports the specific vehicle model.

11.4 SCN Coding Problems

• Issue: SCN coding fails or produces errors.
• Possible Causes: Incorrect SCN coding data, communication errors, server issues.
• Solutions:
  • Verify that the SCN coding data is correct and matches the vehicle’s specifications.
  • Ensure a stable internet connection during SCN coding.
  • Contact the SCN coding service provider for assistance.

11.5 Performance Problems

• Issue: Xentry runs slowly or freezes.
• Possible Causes: Insufficient system resources, fragmented hard drive, malware.
• Solutions:
  • Close unnecessary programs to free up system resources.
  • Run a disk defragmentation tool.
  • Scan the computer for malware.
  • Upgrade the computer’s RAM or hard drive.

12. Legal and Ethical Considerations When Using Xentry

When using Xentry, it’s important to consider legal and ethical issues to ensure compliance and protect your business. Guidelines released by the Automotive Legal Compliance Association (ALCA) on June 1, 2024, provide a framework for understanding and adhering to legal and ethical standards when using diagnostic tools like Xentry.

12.1 Software Licensing

• Consideration: Using Xentry without a valid license is illegal.
• Recommendations:
  • Obtain Xentry software from an authorized source like CARDIAGTECH.NET.
  • Comply with the terms and conditions of the software license.
  • Avoid using pirated or cracked versions of Xentry.

12.2 Data Privacy

• Consideration: Xentry may collect and store vehicle data, including personal information.
• Recommendations:
  • Comply with data privacy laws and regulations (e.g., GDPR, CCPA).
  • Obtain consent from vehicle owners before collecting or using their data.
  • Implement security measures to protect vehicle data from unauthorized access.

12.3 ECU Programming and SCN Coding

• Consideration: Incorrect ECU programming or SCN coding can damage vehicle systems.
• Recommendations:
  • Follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully.
  • Use the correct SCN coding data for the vehicle.
  • Ensure a stable power supply during ECU programming.
  • Verify that the ECU programming or SCN coding is successful before returning the vehicle to the owner.

12.4 Intellectual Property Rights

• Consideration: Xentry software is protected by intellectual property laws.
• Recommendations:
  • Do not copy, distribute, or modify Xentry software without permission.
  • Respect the intellectual property rights of the software provider.

12.5 Professional Responsibility

• Consideration: Automotive technicians have a professional responsibility to provide competent and ethical service.
• Recommendations:
  • Use Xentry responsibly and ethically.
  • Stay up to date with the latest diagnostic procedures and best practices.
  • Provide accurate and honest diagnostic information to vehicle owners.

13. Enhancing Your Diagnostic Services with CARDIAGTECH.NET

CARDIAGTECH.NET offers a comprehensive range of diagnostic tools and equipment to enhance your automotive services. By partnering with CARDIAGTECH.NET, you can gain access to the latest technology, expert support, and valuable resources to improve your diagnostic capabilities. CARDIAGTECH.NET can help you elevate your repair processes, providing exceptional service to your customers and ensuring your business stays ahead in the automotive industry.

13.1 Wide Range of Diagnostic Tools

CARDIAGTECH.NET provides a variety of diagnostic tools, including Xentry systems, J2534 PassThru devices, and other specialized equipment.

13.2 Expert Support and Training

CARDIAGTECH.NET offers expert support and training to help you get the most out of your diagnostic tools. Their team of experienced technicians can provide guidance on software installation, interface configuration, and diagnostic procedures.

13.3 Cost-Effective Solutions

CARDIAGTECH.NET offers cost-effective diagnostic solutions for businesses of all sizes. Whether you’re a small independent shop or a large dealership, they can help you find the right tools and equipment to meet your budget.

13.4 Improved Efficiency and Accuracy

By using CARDIAGTECH.NET’s diagnostic tools, you can improve the efficiency and accuracy of your repairs. Their advanced technology allows you to quickly identify and resolve vehicle issues, reducing repair times and improving customer satisfaction.

13.5 Increased Customer Satisfaction

Providing accurate and efficient diagnostic services can lead to increased customer satisfaction and loyalty. By partnering with CARDIAGTECH.NET, you can deliver exceptional service to your customers and build a strong reputation in the automotive industry.

By using Xentry, technicians can efficiently diagnose and repair a wide range of Mercedes-Benz and Daimler vehicles. This leads to faster turnaround times, more accurate repairs, and increased customer satisfaction. Contact CARDIAGTECH.NET at 276 Reock St, City of Orange, NJ 07050, United States or via WhatsApp at +1 (641) 206-8880. Visit CARDIAGTECH.NET today to discover how their diagnostic solutions can transform your automotive service offerings.

FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions About Xentry Vehicle Diagnostics

1. What Types Of Vehicles Can Be Diagnosed With Xentry?

Xentry is designed to diagnose Mercedes-Benz, Maybach, Setra, and other Daimler vehicles, including passenger cars, commercial vehicles, trucks, and buses, providing comprehensive diagnostic coverage for a wide array of models.

2. What is the difference between Xentry OpenShell and Xentry PassThru?

Xentry OpenShell offers full diagnostic functionality and requires a dedicated interface, while Xentry PassThru is compatible with standard J2534 devices, offering essential diagnostic functions but with limited ECU programming capabilities.

3. Can Xentry be used for ECU programming and SCN coding?

Yes, Xentry offers ECU programming and SCN coding capabilities, allowing technicians to update and configure electronic control units, ensuring proper operation of vehicle systems.

4. What are the system requirements for running Xentry?

Xentry requires a computer with Windows 10 or 11 (64-bit), an Intel Core i5 processor or higher, 8 GB of RAM or more, a 500 GB SSD or more, a compatible diagnostic interface, and a stable internet connection for software updates and SCN coding.

5. How often should I update my Xentry software?

It is recommended to check for software updates regularly, at least monthly, to ensure compatibility with the latest vehicle models and diagnostic procedures.

6. What should I do if Xentry fails to connect to the vehicle?

Ensure the OBD-II cable is securely connected, verify the correct interface is selected in Xentry settings, and reinstall or update the diagnostic interface drivers to resolve connection problems.

7. How can CARDIAGTECH.NET help with Xentry diagnostics?

CARDIAGTECH.NET offers a wide range of diagnostic tools, expert support, and training to help you get the most out of Xentry, ensuring you have the resources needed to provide top-notch diagnostic services.

8. What legal considerations should I keep in mind when using Xentry?

Ensure you have a valid software license, comply with data privacy laws, follow manufacturer’s instructions for ECU programming and SCN coding, and respect intellectual property rights when using Xentry.

9. Can Xentry be used for routine maintenance tasks?

Yes, Xentry can be used for routine maintenance tasks such as checking and clearing fault codes, monitoring live data, performing component tests, and resetting service indicators, ensuring your vehicle stays in optimal condition.

10. What are some common issues encountered while using Xentry and how can they be resolved?

Common issues include connection problems, software errors, vehicle identification issues, SCN coding problems, and performance problems. Solutions range from checking cable connections and reinstalling software to verifying SCN coding data and upgrading system resources.

Ready to take your automotive diagnostic capabilities to the next level? Contact CARDIAGTECH.NET today for expert advice and support on selecting the right Xentry system for your needs. Our team is here to help you navigate the complexities of modern vehicle diagnostics and maximize your efficiency. Visit us at 276 Reock St, City of Orange, NJ 07050, United States, or reach out via WhatsApp at +1 (641) 206-8880. Explore our wide range of diagnostic solutions at CARDIAGTECH.NET and experience the difference firsthand.